Challenges of Resettlement and Policy Deficiencies in Pakistan: A Case Study of South Punjab Flood Disaster Cities

Abstract

The study identifies major challenges in resettlement processes, investigates the role of community participation in any effective resettlement process, and examines gaps in policy and institutional frameworks affecting resettlement efforts in South Punjab flood disaster cities.  This study will take a qualitative approach, with 20 in-depth interviews with affected households in the South Punjab flood disaster cities. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were planned to capture residents' experiences, challenges, and perspectives on the resettlement processes. The data was thematically analyzed to uncover recurring patterns and insights. This study reveals that resettlement processes face serious challenges due to inadequate infrastructure, lack of access to basic services, and insufficient financial support. The significance of community participation in maximizing resettlement effectiveness was additionally overlooked. Institutional and policy deficiencies in agency coordination and comprehensive planning have hampered successful resettlement efforts. These findings highlight the need for more inclusive and participatory resettlement strategies, as well as improved stakeholder coordination and strong policy frameworks, to address resettlement complexities in disaster-affected areas. The current study also adds to the limited body of literature on resettlement in disaster-prone areas of Pakistan. Contributing to this body of literature, it provides a set of best practices for understanding the complexities of the resettlement process, as well as the critical role of policy and community engagement.