The Influence of Financial Pressure, Peer Competition, and Family Expectations on Stress Levels among University Students

Abstract

Stress among university students is a critical issue that affects their academic performance, mental health, and future aspirations. This study examines the influence of financial pressure, peer competition, and family expectations on stress levels in a sample of 450 undergraduate students from public and private universities in Pakistan. Financial pressure was evaluated through tuition fees, living expenses, and part-time work commitments. Peer competition was assessed by measuring students' perceptions of academic and social rivalry, while family expectations were analyzed in terms of parental aspirations and cultural obligations. Stress levels were measured using a validated psychological stress scale. The findings indicate that financial pressure and peer competition significantly elevate stress, whereas family expectations have a dual impact, serving as both a motivator and a stressor. This research highlights the importance of tailored interventions, such as financial aid programs, peer support initiatives, and family counseling, to alleviate stress and foster a supportive academic environment. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and mental health professionals aiming to enhance student well-being.