The Impact of Urbanization, Social Stratification, and Cultural Identity on Stress Levels among Young Adults

Abstract

As societies undergo rapid transformation, stress has become a prevalent issue among young adults navigating complex social dynamics. This study explores the effects of urbanization, social stratification, and cultural identity on stress levels in young adults residing in urban and semi-urban areas of Pakistan. Urbanization was examined through population density, housing conditions, and access to resources. Social stratification was analyzed based on economic class, educational attainment, and occupational status, while cultural identity was assessed through adherence to traditional norms and integration into modern lifestyles. Stress levels were measured using a validated sociological stress scale. The findings reveal that urbanization significantly contributes to stress due to overcrowding and resource competition. Social stratification intensifies stress among lower-income groups, while cultural identity plays a moderating role, with individuals maintaining strong cultural ties experiencing lower stress. The study emphasizes the need for policies addressing urban planning, social equity, and cultural preservation to mitigate stress and promote social well-being. These insights contribute to sociological discourse on the interplay of structural and cultural factors in shaping individual experiences of stress.